Asbestos Uses

Asbestos was a versatile material used in thousands of products, from insulation and roofing to brake pads and textiles. This page explores its historical applications, why it was so widely used, and the dangers of encountering asbestos-containing materials in homes and workplaces today.

Introduction

Asbestos, prized for its heat resistance, strength, and versatility, was once considered a "miracle mineral." It became a staple in various industries, from construction to manufacturing. However, the risks associated with asbestos exposure have overshadowed its practical benefits, leading to strict regulations and, in many cases, complete bans. This page delves into the many ways asbestos was used, the materials it was found in, and the dangers it poses today.

Why Asbestos Was Used

The unique properties of asbestos made it highly desirable for multiple applications:

Heat Resistance: Able to withstand extreme temperatures without breaking down.
Durability: Strong and long-lasting, making it ideal for heavy-duty applications.
Flexibility: Chrysotile asbestos, with its curly fibres, was easy to weave into fabrics and insulations.
Insulation: Its natural thermal and electrical insulating properties were highly valued.
Fire Resistance: A key component in fireproofing materials.

These properties made asbestos a go-to material for industries needing cost-effective solutions to improve safety and performance.

Common Asbestos-Containing Materials

Asbestos was integrated into thousands of products across various industries. Below is a breakdown of its most common uses:

Construction Materials
- Cement Products: Asbestos cement sheets and pipes were used in walls, roofs, and water systems.
- Insulation: Found in lagging for boilers, pipes, and ductwork.
- Roofing Materials: Corrugated sheets, tiles, and shingles.
- Flooring: Vinyl tiles and adhesives contained asbestos for durability.
- Plaster and Textured Coatings: Popular in ceilings and walls, including "Artex" finishes.
Fireproofing and Insulation
- Fire-resistant blankets, boards, and sprays.
- Insulating boards in commercial and industrial buildings.
Automotive Industry
- Brake pads, clutches, and gaskets due to their heat resistance.
Shipbuilding and Transport
- Insulation for boilers, pipes, and engine rooms.
- Panels and fireproof linings in ships, trains, and aeroplanes.
Consumer Goods
- Hairdryers and irons included asbestos insulation.
- Household products like oven gloves, pot holders, and even crayons in certain cases.
Industrial Applications
- Filters in chemical and food production.
- Protective clothing for workers exposed to high heat.

Hidden Dangers of Asbestos in Older Buildings

Many buildings constructed before the late 20th century still contain asbestos. While undisturbed asbestos materials are generally safe, any damage or wear can release hazardous fibres into the air, putting occupants at risk. Common locations where asbestos might still be found include:

Attics with asbestos insulation.
Ceilings and walls with asbestos-containing plaster.
Garage roofs and old sheds made with asbestos cement.

Homeowners and businesses should conduct professional asbestos surveys when renovating or demolishing older properties to ensure safety.

The Decline in Asbestos Use

By the 1980s and 1990s, awareness of asbestos-related health risks led to its gradual phase-out. Many countries, including the UK, banned asbestos use entirely, replacing it with safer alternatives like fibreglass insulation and non-asbestos cement products. Despite this, asbestos-containing materials still exist in older buildings, requiring careful management.

Risks of Encountering Asbestos Today

While asbestos is no longer used in new products, it remains a significant concern in existing materials. Disturbing asbestos can release fibres into the air, which, if inhaled, can cause severe health conditions such as asbestosis, mesothelioma, and lung cancer.

Professionals handling asbestos must follow strict guidelines, including:

Wearing protective gear.
Using specialist equipment to minimise airborne fibres.
Disposing of asbestos waste safely and legally.

Conclusion

Asbestos played a vital role in many industries, offering solutions to problems that seemed insurmountable at the time. However, its dangerous legacy has left a lasting impact, requiring careful management of materials that still exist today. Understanding where asbestos was used and why helps inform safer practices for its identification, handling, and removal.

If you suspect asbestos in your property, consult a professional to ensure compliance with regulations and protect your health.